Online Shopping Versus Traditional Brick-and-Mortar Shopping

Online Shopping Versus Traditional Brick-and-mortar Shopping Consumers are making purchases daily. There are a number of occasions and reasons prompting people to shop. Special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries, and holidays all contribute to retail sales. Sustaining one’s daily life through purchase of food, clothing, personal hygiene products and cleaning products also contributes to the economy through commerce. How do most people like to shop? In recent years a new alternative to the traditional brick-and-mortar shopping, online shopping, has increased in popularity. â€Å"U.S. e-commerce sales grew from 72 billion U.S. dollars in 2002 to 228 billion U.S. dollars in 2010.† (â€Å"Online shopping,† n.d.,†¦show more content†¦This ensures a quick bargain without even having to get dressed to leave the house. People are able to shop for nearly anything while in their pajamas. Sometimes consumers just do not feel like going out and fighting the crowds to find the perfect birthday or wedding present. Blac k Friday is a prime example. Many people avoid all traditional brick-and-mortar shopping the day after Thanksgiving because of the overwhelming crowds and instead opt for Cyber Monday and enjoy shopping from the comfort of their own home, workplace, or mobile device. What if it is unrealistic to wait for a certain product? Even with expedited shipping, online shopping is not practical in certain situations. Even though all grocery shopping can be done online, what happens when a parent runs out of formula for their baby or need milk for their children’s cereal the next morning? Waiting anywhere from a day up to two weeks is not realistic. What happens when an outfit is bought online, and once it has been received the clothing it does not fit? Online shoppers must go through the return process and wait for the company to send out a new size or refund their money. In the traditional shopping setting, patrons are able to try on clothes and therefore eliminate having to exchan ge them because they do not fit. The possibility of receiving the wrong item altogether is much higher with online shopping than with traditionalShow MoreRelatedThe E Commerce Industry3776 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction With a steady increase of time, effort, and money being poured into digital marketing over the past few years, one can only wonder what this means for the future of online exchange, or E-commerce. It is said that by 2016, the web will impact purchase decisions of sales totaling $2 trillion. This is over half of all retail transactions (van Bommel et.al.). Digital strategy is no longer something that can be overlooked, an extra tool for a company to take advantage of if they have theRead MoreThe Impact of Online Apparel Stores on in-Store Shopping3618 Words   |  15 PagesThe impact of online apparel stores on in-store shopping: A complement rather than a substitute Abstract Due to the fast development of the Internet and the growing popularity of online shopping, some argue that the online shopping will substitute store shopping ultimately. For some products such as books and tickets, that might be true, however, for product like apparel - a kind of high-risk and hedonistic product, it is not the case. This essay demonstrates why it isRead MoreLuxury Brand Experience In An Omni-Channel Setting With Strategic Online Visual Merchandising Analysis867 Words   |  4 PagesReinforcing the Luxury Brand Experience in An Omni-Channel Setting with Strategic Online Visual Merchandising Introduction Over the past decade, the consumer has taken the lead in online brand perceptions and conceptualizations. Multi-channel business practices are becoming more adaptive with its fast-growing and evolving consumer market. It is essential that retailers in the 21st century acknowledge the success of multi-channel businesses. The function of multiple-channel retail, also commonlyRead MoreThe E Commerce And Online Auctions Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesMarket Analysis The E-Commerce and Online Auctions industry has exploded over the past decade. Lured by the ease of ordering at home and ability to quickly compare prices and product reviews among retailers, many consumers are increasingly choosing to shop online over purchasing products at brick-and-mortar locations or via mail-order catalogs. RunWayMe will be part of the growing trend with a unique concept of selling the latest celebrities look-a-like outfits at affordable prices. Although thisRead MoreThe Army And Air Force Exchange Service1677 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitors are online shopping and local stores. With the rise of online shopping websites like Amazon, AAFES must actively reduce costs and lure shoppers into their stores. Amazon offers Amazon Prime and products are sold at cheap prices with often a one week delivery rate to locations overseas. When customers do not need the item instantly, the lure of more options and cheap prices thru online retailers causes a reduction in sal es in brick and mortar stores like the PX. AAFES does offer online shoppingRead MoreE Commerce : A Small On Line Business1317 Words   |  6 Pagesfourth feature. Marketing is enhanced with video, audio and text messages which improves the customer experience. Next is interactivity. It is the fifth feature. The interactivity feature of the technology adapts to the customer experience. The shopping experience is tailored to the customer. It personalized the experience. An example of interactivity is recommendations that Amazon suggests based on previous purchases or items you have researched. Which leads into the sixth feature. That featureRead MoreBrick and Mortar Retail vs. E-Commerce. What Is the Solution?5704 Words   |  23 PagesBrick and Mortar Retail vs. E-commerce What is the Solution? 1. Executive Summary Although the recent development of the Internet has skyrocketed business sales for the average e-commerce company, there are many advantages that they are missing out on that a brick and mortar organization can provide. So where is the ultimate middle-ground a firm can search for when aspiring to provide quality products and quality customer service in the most efficient way? The following is a discussion on theRead MoreNeiman Marcus and Target Retailing973 Words   |  4 PagesNeiman Marcus and Target Neiman Marcus and Target are stores that provide goods and services to consumers in a traditional brick and mortar set up with auxiliary outlets online and via catalogue. Neiman Marcus prides itself on delivering to the discerning consumer unique and innovative items much like a boutique store. Whereas Target is considered a discount retailer, second only to Wal-Mart, providing a wide variety of everyday items from groceries to furniture. While both Neiman Marcus and TargetRead MoreAmazon: Online Shopping and Amazon.com1873 Words   |  8 Pages2000? 4. As a member of the Amazon.com board of directors in early 2001, what challenges did the company face and what actions would you take? Amazon.com is a global leader in online-retail. The company was founded by Jeff Bezos in Seattle in 1995, during the period of tech boom era of the 1990’s. Since founding as an online bookseller, Amazon.com drastically grown to expand its product offerings, fulfillment, and customer service. This growth required huge investments in technology and processesRead MoreThe Impact of the Internet on the Retail Industry6630 Words   |  27 PagesThe internet has significantly impacted the retail industry: A qualitative amp; quantitative analysis of Amazon online shopping amp; Wal-Mart retail stores    Table of Contents INTRODUCTION___________________________________________________________3-4 PORTER FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS__________________________________________4-5 AMAZON HISTORY________________________________________________________5-7 AMAZON SWOT ANALYSIS________________________________________________8-10 WAL-MART

Hemmingway Free Essays

string(90) " words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity\." American Novel 8/04/2013 Q) Hemmingway’s depiction of the condition of man in a society that has been upset by the violence of war, in light of â€Å"The Sun also Rises† and â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†. No American writer is more associated with writing about war in the early 20th century than Ernest Hemingway. He experienced it first hand, wrote dispatches from innumerable frontlines, and used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemmingway or any similar topic only for you Order Now Commenting on these experience years later in  Men at War,  Hemingway wrote: â€Å"When you go to war as a boy you have a great illusion of immortality. Other people get killed; not you. . . . Then when you are badly wounded the first time you lose that illusion and you know it can happen to you. After being severely wounded two weeks before my nineteenth birthday I had a bad time until I figured out that nothing could happen to me that had not happened to all men before me. Whatever I had to do men had always done. If they had done it then I could do it too and the best thing was not to worry about it. Many persons whose outward lives do not in the least resemble that of a typical ‘Hemingway’s character’ are still conscious of the dislocation due to war, and of which he has made himself the outstanding fictional spokesmen of our time. Hemingway’s characters are soldiers, sportsman, Prize fighter and his world of fiction swarm with ferrets, drunkards and prostitutes. He is greatly pre-occupied with death and violence. ‘A Farewell to Arms’ shows Hemingway’s ability to create life like cha racter, both male and female, in such a way as to make us feel that we have actually met them. The First World War plays an important role in the novels of Ernest Hemingway. He has depicted all real war experience in his novel. The war led up to a deep distrust of all established institutions and values religions, ideals, society, patriotisms etc. Only concrete experiences were valued. Thus, Hemingway emphasized the sense and the experience based on them. The Sun also Rises is one of his such novels. It is a story of a few American expatriates who were living in Paris after the War. There were all wounded either physically or psychologically by the war. I got hurt in the war,† I said. â€Å"Oh, that dirty war. † We would probably have gone on and discussed the war and agreed that it was in reality a calamity for civilization, and perhaps would have been better avoided. I was bored enough. Just then from the other room someone called: â€Å"Barnes! I say Barnes! Jacob Barnes! † (3. 9)| The banal discussion of the war that Jake and Georgette narrowly escape i s one that’s unsatisfactory and not comprehensive. We get the feeling that there’s a lot more to be said about the war, but nobody knows how to communicate it yet. â€Å"My dear, I am sure Mr. Barnes has seen a lot. Don’t think I don’t think so, sir. I have seen a lot, too. †Ã‚   â€Å"Of course you have, my dear,† Brett said. â€Å"I was only ragging. † â€Å"I have been in seven wars and four revolutions,† the count said. â€Å"Soldiering? † Brett asked. â€Å"Sometimes, my dear. And I have got arrow wounds. Have you ever seen arrow wounds? † (7. 18)| The count’s definition of â€Å"seen a lot† is associated with war – as though war is the only real experience a man can have. The old pre-war values cannot give them the direction that they are looking for and in this lost world they are all lost souls. They drink heavily to quieten their inner distressed voices. Jake Barnes is a casualty of the First World War. He has been made impotent due to his injury and thus is now ‘half the man than he was before. ’ His physical impairment has made it impossible for him to consummate his love and thus this becomes the tragedy of his love for Brett Ashley. Although there is no mention of it in the novel directly, it has been implied in certain scenes. As Brett is not willing to settle for less, Jake is drowned in the ocean of unrequited love. Thus, Jake then becomes a tragic hero, one of the most praised heroes of Hemingway’s books. We see that the war has taken away his masculinity from him leaving him incomplete for life. As Jake’s war doctor remarks on his loss, â€Å"He has given much more than his life. † As the title of the novel makes clear,  A Farewell to Arms  concerns itself primarily with war, namely the process by which Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The few characters in the novel who actually support the effort—Ettore Moretti and Gino—come across as a dull raggart and a naive youth, respectively. The majority of the characters remain ambivalent about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it causes, doubtful of the glory it supposedly brings. The novel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and violent chaos. The scene of the Italian army’s retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of War in American Literature. As the neat columns of men begin to crumble so does the soldier’s nerves, minds, and capacity for rational thought and moral judgement. Henry’s shooting of the engineer for refusing to help free the car from the mud shocks the reader for two reasons, first, the violent outburst seems at odds with Henry’s detached character, and secondly, the incident occurs in a setting that robs it of its moral import, the complicity of Henry’s fellow soldiers legitimizes the killing. The murder of the engineer seems justifiable because it is an inevitable by-product of the spiralling violence and disorder of the War. I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. You read "Hemmingway" in category "Papers" Certain numbers were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could say and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honour, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates. To Henry, such abstractions as honour, glory, and sacrifice do little to explain or assuage the unbelievable destruction that he sees around him. What matters, he decides, are the names of villages and soldiers, the concrete facts of decimated walls and dead bodies. He believes that in order to discuss the war honestly, one must dismiss artificial concepts and deal with terms grounded in the reality of the war. He tarnishes the romanticized ideal of the military hero by equating the â€Å"sacrifices† of human lives in war with the slaughter of livestock. He further compares romantic riffs about honor and glory to burying meat in the ground. Nothing can be sustained or nurtured by such pointlessness. Hemingway believed that in this corrupt world it is no longer possible to have a decent, self-respecting and dignified life. It is the end of love, end of human dignity, end of personal relationships and a realisation that man is all alone in the world and he has to fend for himself. It is the realisation that the ultimate reality is nothing but nada, a Spanish word which means ‘nothingness’. â€Å"Nada†, someone said. â€Å"It’s nothing. Drink up. Lift the bottle. † (The Sun Also Rises, chapter15) The Sun Also Rises portrays a few American and British young men whose experiences of the war are qualitatively not different from those of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes and they are lost in a world which they do not understand. Their meaningless wanderings in Paris and later in Pamplona are the equivalents of their confused minds which have failed to find any guiding principles in life. Bull-fighting for them becomes a symbol of life in which the matador demonstrates how a man facing death can retain dignity. As a matter of fact it is in the face of danger and confrontation with death that they show courage, so that they can lead a life in which they can respect themselves. There is a vague realisation on the part of these expatriates that they cannot implement the matador’s code in their lives because of the wounds inflicted by the war will take quite some time to heal. In A Farewell to Arms Henry realizes that his idealism which had guided him into the front is meaningless in the face of total destruction symbolized by the war. Whether he performs his duties or not, it does not make any material difference to the unit to which he belongs. The endless round of drinking and brothels is equally futile because he cannot find any object to which he could align himself and seek some sort of satisfaction that would give some meaning to his life. His love affair with Catherine Barkley is a temporary relief from the inner disquiet and finally with the death of Catherine he is no better off than the dog nosing in the dust bin for something to eat but where there is nothing for him to find. His own wound had also but killed him. This feeling of nada then led to â€Å"the lost generation†. The term lost generation is generally applied to those who had actively participated in the First World War and as a consequence of this realised that life was meaningless. As a result of the domination of machine over man, man had felt that they were extremely helpless. This disillusionment could have taken either the shape of nihilism or a search for enduring values and absolutes. In the mechanised war there was no room whatsoever for the assertion of manhood or courage and bravery. In a famous passage in A Farewell to Arms Hemingway brings out this disillusionment. In the rain, the words like honour, glory, patriotism seemed obscene to him and what was real were the names of the regiments, streets and towns. The Sun also Rises and A Farewell to Arms celebrate the conditions that led to this disillusionment and how man sought desperately to clutch at straws in this meaningless and valueless world. There is no sentiment whatsoever about the retreat ion A Farewell to Arms or the adventures of Brett Ashley. They are delineated with the realism of a scientist but with the tenderness of an artist. There is a feeling of boredom and disgust with the half-truths and sentiments of the earlier generations. Hemingway has, along with Remarque, revealed the grotesque and the animal nature in man. Worship of instinct instead of rationality became the order of the day. The world that Hemingway has portrayed is unrecognizably part of the modern world. The violence of war is still with us. And added to it is the anxiety and fear of the cold war that seems to have become part and parcel of the Twentieth Century life. His preoccupation with violence, decay and death may be neurotic but are still part of the twentieth century temper. The lack of morality is with us to stay. There are no religious values that can provide balm to the troubled mind. As Jake Barnes states in The Sun also Rising, â€Å"I’m a rotten Catholic. † In the words of Philip Young, â€Å"It is a hell of a world, and we should protest it. But on the other hand we should be hard-pressed to prove that it is not the one we inhabit†¦ While other writers were watching the side acts, Hemingway’s eyes were from the start focused on the main show. The devout ask for peace in our time but ironically there is no peace in our time. This is the vision that Hemingway presents in his works and it is difficult to refute its authenticity so long as our world is going to be haunted by the fear of a thermo-nuclear war. As Hemingway wrote in A Farewell to arms, â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the worl d has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them. The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure that it’ll kill you too but there will be no special hurry. † Work Cited: http://onviolence. com/? e=313 http://www. hrmars. com/admin/pics/1043. pdf http://www. amazon. com/Hemingway-War-Ernest/dp/0743243293 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway http://www. archives. gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/hemingway. html Book: Hemingway on War How to cite Hemmingway, Papers

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children free essay sample

Identify relevant legal requirements and procedures covering confidentiality, data protection and the disclosure of information. As a teaching assistant all information must be treated confidentiality as stated in the ‘Data Protection Act 1998’, any information must be stored as stated in the act and all members of staff must be familiar with this and follow the guidelines. In my role I ensure that no information that no information is passed on to any third parties and always checking with a teacher or other members of staff if I am unsure. If a parent gives me information about a child I ensure this is recorded correctly eg. in letter or note, or student record and following school policies and passed on the relevant members of staff. Schools ask parents for a range of information so that we are able to care for children effectively as we can, however we can only ask for information that is directly relevant such as health or medical information, records from previous schools or SEN records. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and Professional Relationships with Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All information is confidential and must only be used for the purpose in which it was gathered. If under special circumstances the information is to be passed onto others then the parents consent must be given. Respecting confidentiality is very important when working in a school setting. There is certain information that has to be gathered in order to work effectively. This information includes Names, contact details Medical information Allergies/dietary needs Academic abilities SEN Assessment results/observation records To disclose this information is a breach of confidentiality. It should only be passed on, on a need to know basis, for example if its information about a child’s health then all staff members should have that information, with parental consent. TDA 2. 3-4. 2 Describe the importance of reassuring children, young people and adults of the confidentiality of shared information and the limits of this.

Product Market Strategy and Business Model

Question: Discuss about theProduct Market Strategy and Business Model. Answer: Introduction In the first part of this report, detailed examination is done on whether firms can ensure optimal profits in future when they offer differentiated products in varied market structures. Differentiation is said to occur when firms offer unique features in a product to their customers thus, cutting the intense competition. The advantages gained through product differentiation are briefly outlined reflecting firms capabilities in different market structures. Moreover, the firms capacity to vary the prices under monopolistic market is also highlighted through Chamberlins theory. In the next part, the grounds on which wage rate vary across or within the occupations and industries are discussed. Questions regarding the wage distribution within occupations and critical examination of the same are further demonstrated in this report. Carl Barsky and Martin Personick researches are been considered for determining the extent to which wages tend to vary across industries and occupation. Product Differentiation Maximizing Economic profits Of Firms Differentiation tends to enhance product attractiveness by highlighting its unique features in contrast to other competing products. The seller of the products, through the successful application of product differentiation, gains a competitive advantage. Profits eventually determine what market a firm should enter in and the type of products it needs to sell (Kaiser and Wright, 2006). Profit is gained when the firms total revenue exceeds the total costs of a given set of quantity. Thus, in order to maximise profits, firm needs to produce output where their marginal cost equals marginal revenue regardless of the market structure in which they operate. This condition determines the extent of profit maximisation regardless of the market structure in which a company currently operates. Profit maximising firms aspire to differentiate their products because it assists in earning greater profits. Differentiation has the ability to affect the performance of an organization by cutting direct competition, therefore, increasing its profits (Stieglitz and Heine, 2007). Product differentiation holds the capability to shift the supply or demand curve. So long as the customer perceives that there is a change in the product differentiating it on some or all aspects from the others, they are ready to pay extra for the unique features present in the goods. Price competition might not be easy in cases where market contains more operating firms. The price competition can be kerbed by offering differentiated products in the more concentrated market with few players (Conrad, 2005). Given the market demand, competitors are shielded in cases where products are differentiated. A downward sloping demand curve is observed when a company offers differentiated products. This is because even if the prices are charged above the prices of its competitors it does not lose all of its customers, as some of them are still willing to pay extra for the additional features of that, particularly differentiated product. The organisations that differentiate their goods in the market face a cumbersome process as the product choice has an ample effect on the revenues. Besides this, the level of product differentiation tends to intensify the rivalry among all market players. For instance, a novel firm enters into a perfectly competitive industry i.e., expanding for making more profits in a short run. In a perfectly competitive market, all goods are substitutes thus making product differentiation inconsistent with the conditions of perfect competition. Since in this market, the companies are selling close substitutes their demand curves are more elastic (Baker and Sinkula, 2005). As more organisations enter this market, it will cause an inward shift and an increase in elasticity because more close substitutes are available and lesser consumer demands are present for an individual firm. In a monopolistic competition, a company selects to maximise its output by ensuring profits in the long run. One of the essential traits of a monopolistic ally competitive market is that there are no substitutes available for a monopolised good therefore making product differentiation a key feature for such market. Herein, the products are featured with different characters from others making its categorization difficult, drawing lesser similarities with its competitors. Differentiation holds the potential to create some sense of value for the firms product by demonstrating unique features of the respective product (Zott and Amit, 2008). A deep intent of profit persists when a firm engages itself in product development as it herein differentiates themselves from a large segment of their competitors. RD expenditure in such market structure is limited because most companies are unable to obtain cheap funds for RD resulting in temporary financial profits. The below figure illustrates mo nopolistic product differentiation through the Sun Record Labels attempt at discovering and shaping new, different and exciting performers who could draw a following of loyal fans. Figure 1: Monopolistic Competition (Source: Zott and Amit, 2008) According to Edward Chamberlin (2013), the key element of monopolistic competition is that most firms are not just confined to price competition but they survive through non-price competition. This is possible through companies presenting a unique product or advantage, which give them a superseded control over the price (Zera, 2013). Through product differentiation, the firm gets to vary the prices over the long run. Lastly in an oligopoly market, product differentiation is not a compulsive feature but if an organisation has successfully been able to engage itself in product differentiation it can gain more market power by dominating at least a part of the industry (De Loecker, 2011). An impending advantage is foreseen for firms when they are able to facilitate demand through differentiation. Below is an example of product differentiation carried out by Apple and its economic profit before and after the differentiation. Figure 2: Product Differentiation under Oligopoly (Source: De Loecker, 2011) It has been seen through these results, which indicate that firms are having an upper hand by offering products that hold some unique features in them. The prices are lowered in presence of any market competitor but have minimal effect when the competitor is having a different product type (Stieglitz and Heine, 2007). Thus, it can be seen that differentiation is an ideal product choice of behaviour because the threat lying in the competition is lessened when the product offered by them is differentiated. Wage Rate Differential within occupations and industries Analysts have extensively researched the phenomenon of wage differential and determined a range of factors affecting wage rates. Factors like industry and the occupation, unionisation, ownership and size of the establishment, and geographic location have been analysed, as have individual features like the knowledge, performance, tenure, gender and skills of the employees. The majority of such research works have concentrated on pay disparities within establishments and occupations and have highlighted the influence that the above-mentioned elements had in clarifying the reason behind higher wages in some occupations as compared to others (Lane, Salmon and Spletzer, 2007). Wages may also dramatically differ within a single occupation. For instance, in 2004, in the USA, ten percent of computer programmers were paid $17.19 per hour, while the leading ten percent were paid $42.07 per hour. Questions concerning wage distribution within occupations, within companies, are appealing when seen alongside the setting of evolutions in worker wages during the past ten years. Certain employee compensation specialists have advocated that competitive pressures encouraged organisations to gradually shift to variable compensation plans, which involve variations in workers wages per annum or every salary period, based on company or employee performance. This concept is in contradiction to the conventional notion that workers get an hourly wage or a predetermined annual, monthly or weekly pay. The arrival of broad-banding culture in several organisations in the 1990s also suggests that wage was becoming more scattered over time. Broadband refers to the classification of job which describes the profiles more widely as compared to conventional job descriptions, usually by mixing previously different profiles into one category. Along with the wider job description is a broader gamut of compensations, which can be paid to the employees in broad-banded jobs (Sunday, and Pfuntner, 2008). A 1981 research by Carl Barsky and Martin Personick examined the degree to which pay rates differed within industries in 6 mining and 43 manufacturing sectors. The authors identified that industries varied noticeably in the degree of pay diffusion. It was also identified by them that the industries varied in what was the extent of the difference because of dissimilarities inside companies with dissimilarities across companies (Sunday and Pfuntner, 2008). Apparently, some occupations are higher paying than others. Doctors make more than professors, who make more than salespeople. The majority of such wage differentials are the outcomes of training and educational requirements, which is usually referred to as human capital. Another important factor which determines wages is the demand for labour, which is obtained from a product or service demand which the employee provides. If the person provides a good or service which is greatly desirable, then a greater wage will surmount for a given supply of employees who can perform that job (Audretsch and Siegfried, 2012). At times, ability makes a significant difference in wage potential which overshadows the variation in ability. Some jobs are high paying due to the nature of work involved which is not commonly desirable. They may be dirty or hazardous, or the employment may be seasonal and sporadic. For example, construction industry pays more than retail due to such compensating differentials, which are non-financial distinctions among jobs where lower or higher wages are paid due to the variations in the attractiveness of the job (Banerjee, 2005). Several occupations pay wages which are commensurate with performance, like managerial or sales occupations. The aim of this performance based pay is to lure the employees with the greatest marginal revenue productivity (Torpey, 2015). For any particular type of job, salaries are normally higher in one region/country than in others. Much of such variation is due to dissimilarities in the cost of living. Individuals may not be willing to surrender health insurance, pension plans or seniority at their current employment. Therefore, wage differentials in diverse regions may exist, even if individuals are aware that higher wages can be earned somewhere else. Local labour markets differ in wage levels, based on the industrial composition (Hickman, 2009). Communities in which a huge percentage of companies are in high-profit sectors are likely to be high paying communities and usually, have a greater cost of living. On the other hand, communities with a large number of companies in low-profit sectors are likely to have lower wage levels. At times, communities witness a short-term rise in wage levels due to increasing in demand of labour as compared to its supply (Cottrell and et al., 2009). When questioned, the majority of the companies answer that the main determinant of their wage level is the market rate. Nonetheless, there is normally a caveat to this, which is their statement whether it is affordable to us. Hence, it would appear that the wage rate of the company is determined by external forces but the reality of the companys financial standing may alter or override the carrying out of such desire. As reported, profitable companies tend to pay greater remuneration, whether their prosperity is based on management ability, technical efficiency, size, product market, or some other element. The situation of the automobile sector is an illustration of what can conjure when a sector which is immensely profitable becomes prey to bad times and its wage level must decrease too in order to sustain and survive (Lane, Salmon and Spletzer, 2007). Technological changes are also found to be positively correlated with industry wages and also with the ratio of earnings of the high ly educated relative to less educated employees. Conclusion It is well articulated from the first part of the report that organisations have a less negative impact when they differentiate their products. Through product, differentiation competitors are able to sustain their monopolistic prices assuring profits for the future. Sufficient claims are provided in the report to determine the optimal benefits of the product differentiations in a monopolistic market. Furthermore, the Chamberlins verdict indicates product differentiation has the power to influence the price under monopolistic competitive market. From the second part of the report, it can be concluded that the wages paid to workers greatly varies. Such wage differentials are mainly the outcomes of differences in the workers ability and the efforts put in by them for performing the job. Wage differentials also exist across occupations, due to disparities in the supply and demand of workers for a specific occupation or job. Such differences emanate mainly due to the differences in the level of training or education needed as well as in the desirability of the job. References Audretsch, B. D. and Siegfried, J. J., 2012. Empirical studies in industrial organization: Essays in Honor of Leonard W. Weiss. Springer Science Business Media. Baker, W.E. and Sinkula, J.M., 2005. Market orientation and the new product paradox.Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(6), pp.483-502. Banerjee, D., 2005. Globalisation, Industrial Restructuring and Labour Standards: Where India Meets the Global. SAGE. Conrad, K., 2005. Price competition and product differentiation when consumers care for the environment. Environmental and Resource Economics. 31(1), pp.1-19. Cottrell, F. A., Cockshott, P., Michaelson, J. G., Wright, P. I. and Yakovenko, V., 2009. Classical Econophysics. Routledge. De Loecker, J., 2011. Product differentiation, multiproduct firms, and estimating the impact of trade liberalization on productivity. Econometrica, 79(5), pp.1407-1451. Hickman, R. G., 2009. Leading Organizations: Perspectives of a New Era. SAGE. Kaiser, U. and Wright, J., 2006. Price structure in two-sided markets: Evidence from the magazine industry. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(1), pp.1-28. Lane, I. J., Salmon, A. L. and Spletzer, R. J., 2007. Establishing wage differentials.Monthly Labor Review, pp. 3-17. Stieglitz, N. and Heine, K., 2007. Innovations and the role of complementarities in a strategic theory of the firm.Strategic Management Journal, 28(1), pp.1-15. Sunday, K. and Pfuntner, J., 2008. How widely do wages vary within jobs in the same establishment. Monthly Labor Review. Torpey, E., 2015. Same occupation, different pay: How wages vary. [Online]. Available through: https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2015/article/wage-differences.htm. [Accessed on 30th August 2016]. Zera. 2013. Edward Chamberlin Product Differentiation, Chamberlin Economics. [Online]. Available through: https://www.economictheories.org/2008/09/edward-chamberlin-product.html. [Accessed on 31st August 2016]. Zott, C. and Amit, R., 2008. The fit between product market strategy and business model: implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), pp.1-26.

4 Reasons Why I Feel Qualified and Why I Should Receive This Scholarship Essay

4 Reasons Why I Feel Qualified and Why I Should Receive This Scholarship EssayDoes the reason I feel qualified and why I should receive this scholarship essay help you choose the one that is right for you? If you are ready to find out, read on to discover how this feature can help you to make a sound decision.There are several reasons why I feel qualified and why I should receive this scholarship essay. With these reasons, you will understand the reason why you deserve this scholarship and whether you qualify for it.One of the most important reasons why I feel qualified and why I should receive this scholarship is the level of competition that I have faced in the academic world. Of course, there is a big difference between this year and last year's competition. In my school, the competition between students is usually very stiff. This is a school that has a lot of resources to offer its students so they may excel in this kind of environment.The second reason is the experience that I have gained while studying. There are times when I have participated in the all-important mock exams to test my knowledge. And, it was these exams that taught me more about myself. Also, because I have participated in the examinations that I have been involved in, I can also bring this knowledge and experience to bear on my essays.The third reason why I feel qualified and why I should receive this scholarship is the level of confidence that I carry. There is a tremendous amount of pressure to maintain my place in the best educational institutions in my field. To keep this high level of confidence, I need to use the material that I learned in school to express my thoughts. reasons why I feel qualified The fourth reason why I feel qualified and why I should receive this scholarship is the professional expertise that I possess. Usually, I have a number of clients in different fields. Since I am already quite successful in the field that I am employed in, I need to use my knowledge and skills to give my clients a message that the services that they will receive will be of the best quality. This is another reason why I am qualified to receive this scholarship.It has been pointed out by many that there are too many people who have the same qualifications as I have and they are not receiving this scholarship. For those who know that they are qualified, there is nothing to lose except a hard look at their own lives. Who knows, after they have looked at their lives they may even get a chance to receive this scholarship.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essays (1299 words) - First Triumvirate

The Fall Of The Roman Empire For men who had easily endured hardship, danger and difficult uncertainty, leisure and riches, though in some ways desirable, proved burdensome and a source of grief. The causes for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic cannot be attributed to a single event, trend or individual, rather it was due to a combination of all three in varying degrees. The principal and fundamental cause was the breakdown of the political checks and balances, particularly the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This subversion occurred both accidentally and through the subversive behavior of individuals, unconsciously and consciously undermining the fabric of the republic in their quest for power and glory. One substantial outcome of this incapacitation was the emergence of violence as a political means. Once this had occurred the end of the old republic was heralded an autocratic dictatorship was born. The republic was born out of a collapsed monarchy and was specifically geared to prevent a centralization of power. The mechanisms to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a document that outlined the ladder of offices. It demanded, among other things, 10 years of military or legal service before any magistracy could be held, annual election and two years between consecutive offices. This system was designed to ensure that no individual could become too powerful by dividing jurisdiction between several groups and allowing for veto. The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius are often blamed for causing divisions and antagonizing the aristocracy and particularly the senate by introducing laws and legislation that, although promoting egalitarianism for the poor, were catalysts to later breaches of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws enacted without consulting the senate. This weakened the senate's power and started a trend of ignoring the senate that remained until the breakdown. These Graccian reforms included the implementation of a welfare system whereby Romans citizens would be given free corn and the Lex Agraria or land reforms that broke down the latafundia and increased the number of small-scale farms. The welfare corn system not only aroused violent anger from the nobility but also created an urban mob that relied on handouts and later participated in violence. Tiberius Gracchus ran for election to the tribunate for two years consecutively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct contradiction to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they heard of Tiberius' plan, killed him. This action was significant, due to it being the first time that violence had been used for a political end, it was not to be the last. Marius and Sulla, great leaders of Rome from 119 to 78 BC, can be attributed part of the blame for the breakdown of the republic. Their constant quarreling led to factional fighting amongst the people and eventually to civil war. Marius came into power before Sulla and, like the Gracchi, showed a tendency towards disturbing the status quo and antagonized the nobility. Marius' reforms centered on military change, the most controversial of which was the extension of military service for the landless class. This seemingly insignificant reform had wide repercussions since it created semi-professional soldiers rather than a citizen militia. Since no pension scheme was organized, the soldiers were largely dependent on their commanders for payment and pensions of land. This dependence led to the soldiers being tied to their commanders, allowing for the later development of armies that were loyal to individuals rather than to the state. Marius' contempt for the Cursus Honorum is illustrated by his standing in the consular elections while not in Rome, a post that he gained and held for six years. This action was in dire ct contradiction to the rule of one-year consulships in the Cursus Honorum and allowed Marius to establish a power base that he used for his own political designs. Both Marius and Sulla used violence openly as a political means. The first such incident was during the tribunal election where Marius killed Nonnius, a political opponent to his friend Saturnius. This was not the only example of violence from Marius. When returned from exile, he killed everyone who had ever offended him and took their land for himself. Sulla was not much

The Psychology of the Breakfast Club essays

The Psychology of the Breakfast Club essays The Social Psychology of The Breakfast Club: Social psychology is a scientific concept that seeks to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the presence of others (alleydog.com, 2004). The study of this concept can be traced back to philosophers in Greece; however, social psychology was not recognized as a science until the late 19th century. Triplett began his study of the influence of society on others in 1898, and the first Social Psychology textbooks appeared in 1908 (www.uni.edu/harton, 2004). This concept of psychology became widely accepted and was incorporated in literature and film. In fact, examples of social psychology are pervasive in American film. The movie The Breakfast Club provides many examples of social psychology and how it shapes relationships between people forced to interact. Several examples of social psychology are contained in the movie The Breakfast Club, including in-group bias, scapegoat theory, and social loafing. In-group bias is actually the main theme of the film. Five high school students, each with a stereotypical connotation, are forced to spend a Saturday together in detention. There is Andrew the athlete, Brian the brain, Bender the criminal, Allison the basket case, and Claire the princess. According to David Myers in Psychology, in-group bias is the tendency to favor ones own group. In high schools, students often form cliques-jocks, preppies, stoners, skaters, gangsters, freaks, geeks-and disparage those outside their group (Myers, p. 717). The film is a study of the social psychology that occurs as representatives from five of these groups interact and become a group of their own. Bender, the criminal, is representative of the scapegoat theory. Prejudice may express anger: When things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide a target, a scapegoat, for ones an ...